![]() ![]() You can define a variable called velocity which represents the velocity of the ball at any time during the simulation. #Bouncing balls game source code seriesA later post in the Bouncing Ball series will take care of the details. By using arbitrary units, I can focus on the key points that make this simulation work. Rather than using the distance in metres and time in seconds and the physical constants that are required to work out how much a ball accelerates, I’ll use distance in pixels and time measured in iterations of a while loop. In this post, I want to focus on the most basic translation from physics to simulation. Taking Into Account The Effects Of Gravity Gravity accelerates the ball towards the ground so that the speed of the ball increases with time. However, this is not how real balls fall in the real world. You’re setting the y-coordinate using sety() to its current value, which is what ycor() returns, minus 1 pixel. Although you can use the method forward() to move the ball, you’re using a combination of the methods sety() and ycor() to move the ball. This position corresponds to the coordinates (0, 0). The initial position of a Turtle object is in the middle of the window. You can create an instance of turtle.Turtle and explore some of its methods: import turtle The "turtle" you create will obey your instructions and move around the screen, drawing lines and other shapes as it goes along. The main class defined in the turtle module is Turtle. ![]() The turtle module is part of the standard library, and therefore, you already have it on your computer if you’ve installed Python! A very brief primer of turtle basics #Bouncing balls game source code fullThe turtle module is a brilliant tool to create such physical simulations as it’s relatively straightforward to use, and it gives you full control over whatever happens in your animation. It’s most fun and most instructive to work on this simulation from first principles without using any "fancy" modules. Using The turtle Module to Simulate A Bouncing Ball in Python Granted, the physics of a bouncing ball may not be the biggest mystery in the universe, but the exercise of representing real-world processes computationally often helps you understand that particular process better. Here, I’m using Python to understand better a real-world process. Often in this blog, I use real-world analogies to understand Python topics. Perhaps one day, Python programs will be used to solve all the world’s problems! But I’m not that ambitious in this blog post, so I’ll choose to talk about how we can create a simulation of a bouncing ball using Python. ![]() Sometimes, coding can help understand what’s going on and maybe, just maybe, help find a solution to a problem. Whether you’re trying to make sense of the people that make up the real world and their actions, or the physical world itself, things are never easy. The real world can be a difficult place to understand. ![]()
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